Symptoms that may arise from sinus node dysfunction in patients with hemodynamic instability include palpitations, dizziness, presyncope, syncope, and dizziness.

Prior to treatment, the clinician evaluates the patient’s clinical presentation and confirms the ECG abnormalities. Ambulatory ECG using a Holter monitor is the best diagnostic method for sinus node dysfunction.

Sinus node dysfunction can last for long intervals or can occur as multiple episodes over a short time. For patients with intermittent dysfunction, the Holter monitor may produce false-negative results. If the clinician still suspects sinus node dysfunction, Holter monitoring can be extended for 1 week.