ACLS Certification - Official Site | Powered by CPR.com
ACLS Certification - Official Site Contact Us | 1-800-448-0734 | Log in |

12-Lead ECG Certification Course

Chapter 1: Theories in ECG Interpretation
6 Topics | 1 Quiz
What is Electrocardiology?
Action Potentials of Heart Cells
Simplifying the Ventricular Vectors
The QRS Vectors
T and ST Wave Changes in Ischemia
The Cardiac Axis
12-Lead ECG Chapter 1 Quiz
Chapter 2: Systematic Approach to ECG Interpretation
2 Topics | 1 Quiz
Rhythm Analysis
Definitive Electrocardiogram Diagnosis
12-Lead ECG Chapter 2 Quiz
Chapter 3: The Normal ECG: Variants of the P Wave, PQ interval, & QRS Complex
4 Topics | 1 Quiz
Combining the Frontal Axis and Horizontal Axis
P Wave
PQ Interval
The QRS Complex
12-Lead ECG Chapter 3 Quiz
Chapter 4: The Normal ECG: Variants of the ST Segment, T Waves, and U Waves
5 Topics
The ST Segment
T waves and U waves
QT Interval
Arrhythmia
Normal Daily ECG Changes or Circadian Variations
Chapter 5: Abnormalities of the P Wave
6 Topics | 1 Quiz
Left Atrial Enlargement / P Mitrale
Right Atrial Enlargement or P Pulmonale
Biatrial Enlargement or P Biatriale
Acute Left Atrial Overload
Acute Right Atrial Overload
Other Abnormalities of the P Wave
12-Lead ECG Chapter 5 Quiz
Chapter 6: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
3 Topics | 1 Quiz
Epidemiology of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Clinical Findings and Evaluation
Electrocardiographic Criteria for Diagnosing Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
12-Lead ECG Chapter 6 Quiz
Chapter 7: Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
4 Topics
Epidemiology of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Clinical Findings of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
Electrocardiographic Findings
Exercises
Chapter 8: Biventricular Hypertrophy
4 Topics | 1 Quiz
Introduction
ECG Criteria for Biventricular Hypertrophy
Cases
Exercise
12-Lead ECG Chapter 8 Quiz
Chapter 9: Acute Pulmonary Embolism
7 Topics | 1 Quiz
Introduction
ECG Findings in Pulmonary Embolism
The Value of ECG in the Setting of Pulmonary Embolism
Chronic Pulmonary Embolism
Perils and Pitfalls
Cases
Exercise
12-Lead ECG Chapter 9 Quiz
Chapter 10: Fascicular Blocks
7 Topics | 1 Quiz
Introduction
Etiology
Left Anterior Fascicular Block
Left Posterior Fascicular Block
Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Left Anterior Fascicular Block
Case 1
Case 2
12-Lead ECG Chapter 10 Quiz
Chapter 11: Complete and Incomplete Bundle-Branch Blocks
5 Topics | 1 Quiz
Introduction
Complete Right Bundle-Branch Block
Incomplete Right Bundle Branch Block
Complete Left Bundle-Branch Block
Incomplete Left Bundle-Branch Block
12-Lead ECG Chapter 11 Quiz
Chapter 12: Bilateral Bifascicular Block
5 Topics
Introduction
Right Bundle-Branch Block with Left Anterior Fascicular Block
Right Bundle-Branch Block + Left Posterior Fascicular Block
Prognosis of Bilateral Bifascicular Blocks
Trifascicular Block (RBBB + LAFB + LPFB)
Chapter 13: Atrioventricular Blocks & Atrioventricular Dissociation
7 Topics
Introduction
First-Degree AV Block
Second-Degree AV Block, Mobitz Type I (Wenckebach Type)
Second-Degree Atrioventricular Block, Mobitz Type II
Second-Degree AV Block, Advanced Type
Third-Degree AV Block, Complete AV Block
Atrioventricular Dissociation
Chapter 14: Myocardial Infarction
10 Topics | 1 Quiz
Introduction
Electropathophysiology
Myocardial Infarction on ECG
Q, ST, and T Vectors in Coronary Artery Disease
Nomenclature of the Stages of Myocardial Ischemia
Localization of Q Wave Infarction
Differential Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction ECG Patterns
Complex Infarction Patterns
Special Infarction Patterns
Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction
12-Lead ECG Chapter 14 Quiz
Chapter 15: The Differential Diagnosis of Pathologic Q Waves
3 Topics
Introduction
Myocardial Infarction
Other Causes of Q Waves
Chapter 16: Pericarditis
6 Topics
Introduction
Acute Pericarditis
Intermediate Pericarditis
Subacute Pericarditis
Chronic Pericarditis
Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases
Chapter 17: ECG Changes in Repolarization
3 Topics
Introduction
Changes in the ST Segment
Changes in the T Wave
Chapter 18: Effects of Electrolyte Disturbances on ECG
5 Topics
Introduction
Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Hypercalcemia
Hypocalcemia
Chapter 19: Atrial Arrhythmias
5 Topics | 1 Quiz
Premature Atrial Beats and Complexes
Premature Atrial Contractions in the Inferior Aspect of the Right Atrium
Atrial Tachycardias
Atrial Flutter
Atrial Fibrillation
12-Lead ECG Chapter 19 Quiz
Chapter 20: Sick Sinus Syndrome
10 Topics | 1 Quiz
Sinus Node Dysfunction
Sinus Node Fibrosis
Pharmaceuticals and Toxins
Children
Other Causes of Sinus Node Dysfunction
Electrocardiogram Characteristics of Sinus Node Dysfunction
Clinical Significance
Prognosis
Treatment of Sinus Node Dysfunction
Differential Diagnosis of Sinus Node Dysfunction
12-Lead ECG Chapter 20 Quiz
Chapter 21: Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
6 Topics
Preexcitation Pattern
Types of Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Electrocardiogram Patterns in Preexcitation
Differential Diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Tachycardias in Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
Symptoms and Therapy
Chapter 22: Atrioventricular Junctional Tachycardias
5 Topics | 1 Quiz
Conduction in Sinus Rhythm
Conduction in Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia
Differential Diagnosis
Symptoms and Clinical Significance
Treatment of AVNRT
12-Lead ECG Chapter 22 Quiz
Chapter 23: Premature Ventricular Contractions
7 Topics | 1 Quiz
Nomenclature
Coupling Interval
Compensatory Pause
Morphology and Origin
Special Types of Premature Ventricular Contractions
Therapy
Differential Diagnosis
12-Lead ECG Chapter 23 Quiz
Chapter 24: Ventricular Tachycardia
3 Topics
Types of Ventricular Tachycardia
Differential Diagnosis
Treating Ventricular Tachycardia
Chapter 25: Pacemaker Electrocardiogram
9 Topics
Pacemaker Electrocardiogram
One-Chamber Pacemaker
Double-Chamber Pacemaker
Electrical Complications and Failures
Undersensing
Oversensing
Lead Fracture and Lead Insulation Damage
Management Of Pacemaker Patients
Indications For Pacemaker Placement
Chapter 26: Congenital & Acquired Valvular Heart Disease
12 Topics
Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Secundum)
Atrial Septal Defect (Ostium Primum)
Valvular Pulmonary Stenosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
Ventricular Septal Defect
Transposition of the Great Arteries
Situs Inversus
Ebstein Anomaly
Eisenmenger Syndrome
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Acquired Valvular Heart Diseases
Chapter 27: Digitalis Toxicity
1 Topic
Other Symptoms of Digitalis Toxicity
Chapter 28: 12-Lead ECG Skills Training
6 Topics
12-Lead ECG Skills Videos
12-Lead ECG Practice Exams
12-Lead ECG Knowledge Base
12-Lead ECG Flashcards
12-Lead ECG – Rhythm Recognition Game
12-Lead ECG – Shock or Not Game
Chapter 29: Glossary
12-Lead ECG Final Exam
Previous Topic
Next Topic

Biatrial Enlargement or P Biatriale

Chapter Progress
0% Complete
Get 12-Lead ECG Certified Today
Certification
Recertification

Biatrial Enlargement or P Biatriale

P biatriale depicts an enlargement of both the right and left atria and is very rare. It occurs in patients with complex congenital heart disease or with combined disease of the heart and lungs.

The ECG in Figure 5 depicts P biatriale. Characteristics of P biatriale are:

  • Tall (> 2.5 mm) and wide (> 0.12 sec) P waves in lead II
  • Tall P waves in V2

The terminal negative portion of V1 is deep (> 1 mm) and wide (> 0.04 sec)

12-lead ECG depicting biatrial atrial enlargement.

12-lead ECG Depicting Biatrial Atrial Enlargement

Previous Topic
Back to Chapter
Next Topic