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Thyroid Physiology and Pathophysiology Video

ACLS Certification Association videos have been peer-reviewed for medical accuracy by the ACA medical review board.

Video at a Glance

  • The thyroid has two lobes with an isthmus in the middle.
  • The anterior pituitary gland releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that binds with receptors on the thyroid epithelial cells, causing T4 release from the colloid and increased T4 synthesis.
  • The most active thyroid hormone in the body is T3, which is primarily produced by T4 in the liver.
  • Practitioners diagnose hypothyroidism by testing the patient’s TSH and T4 levels.
  • TSH increases basal metabolic rate (BMR), resulting in increased chemical reactions, oxygen, and glucose levels.
  • Hyperthyroidism symptoms include hair thinning, thyroid gland enlargement, tachycardia, hyperreflexia, peristalsis, edema, exophthalmos, and heat intolerance.
  • Hyperthyroidism causes include synthetic thyroid hormone and Graves disease.
  • Hypothyroidism symptoms include brittle hair, periorbital edema, facial swelling, constipation, bradycardia, and cold intolerance.
  • Hypothyroidism causes include Hashimoto’s disease, genetic predisposition, and endemic goiter..

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