Respiratory Distress and Failure Quiz 1

1. A 5-year-old boy presents to the ED with a fever. He is conscious but irritable. His vital signs include a temperature of 102°F, heart rate of 122 bpm, and respiratory rate of 36 breaths/min. On physical examination, he is pale and ill-appearing. Auscultation reveals crackles in the lower lung fields bilaterally. What is the respiratory status of the patient?

2. A 3-month-old female infant is brought to the ED for a decreasing level of consciousness. She is lethargic and pale with cyanotic lips. Her vital signs show a heart rate of 70 bpm, a respiratory rate of 18 breaths/min, and oxygen saturation of 84%. What is the respiratory status of this patient?

3. A 4-year-old girl is diagnosed with croup and presents with stridor. Which of the following is a potential respiratory problem in this case?

4. A patient is being treated in the ED for bronchial asthma in acute exacerbation. What is the mechanism of respiratory distress in this patient?

5. A teenager is brought to the emergency department for a drug overdose, and the emergency consultant recommends giving naloxone to the patient. Naloxone is the antidote for which of the following:

6. All of the following are signs of respiratory distress EXCEPT:

7. An 8-year-old girl is experiencing anaphylaxis after eating strawberries. She is having difficulty breathing, likely due to swelling of the pharynx. Immediate intervention with epinepherine is provided. Severe swelling of the pharynx can be additionally managed by which one of the following treatment interventions?

8. An arterial blood gas was requested, and the sample shows the following values:

pH: 7.30 (normal range 7.35–7.45)

PaCO2: 48 mm Hg (normal range 35–45 mm Hg)

HCO3: 24 mmol/L (normal range 22–26 mmol/L)

The likely acid-base imbalance is:

9. Capnography is used to measure which parameter in the body?

10. For healthcare providers to immediately recognize and intervene to stabilize a pediatric patient in respiratory distress, the focus must be on: