First Aid Flashcard 4
Rationale
B. Rationale: Elevating the lower extremities helps divert blood flow to the vital organs, including the brain and heart.
Question
What maneuver should you undertake to keep a patient with bleeding from fainting?
a. Have the patient bend forward with their head in between their legs.
b. Elevate the lower extremities.
c. Apply direct pressure directly to the bleeding site.
d. Have the patient smell ammonia salts.
Answer
b. Elevate the lower extremities.
Rationale
C. Rationale: It is best to leave the patient alone while protecting their head and making sure to prevent injuries during a seizure episode. Do not hold them down or put anything into their mouth.
Question
What should you do if you encounter a person who suddenly begins having a tonic-clonic seizure?
a. Hold the patient down to make sure that he doesn’t hurt himself.
b. Get a spoon or popsicle stick and place it in his mouth to prevent him from biting his tongue.
c. Make sure he does not injure himself.
d. Call 9-1-1 at once.
Answer
c. Make sure he does not injure himself.
Rationale
A. Rationale: Hold the tooth by its crown to preserve the cells in the roots. The roots are easily damaged when manipulated.
Question
When handling a knocked-out tooth, where should one hold the tooth?
a. Hold it at the crown.
b. Hold it at the roots.
c. Do not hold the tooth. Place it in a container with water.
d. One can hold the tooth anywhere.
Answer
a. Hold it at the crown.
Rationale
D. Rationale: It is essential to clean the wound with soap and water. After this, antiseptic solutions or antibiotic ointments are applied to prevent infection. The sterile gauze is applied to provide a protective barrier from the environment.
Question
Which of the following are necessary medical supplies for your first aid kit to clean animal bite wounds?
a. Povidone iodine
b. Bacitracin ointment
c. Sterile gauze
d. All of the above medical supplies are necessary.
Answer
d. All of the above medical supplies are necessary.
Rationale
D. Rationale: Peritoneal lavage and intravenous fluid therapy with warm isotonic solutions such as plain normal saline have the potential to cause rebound hypotension due to rapid rewarming. These interventions must be monitored closely by experienced and well-trained healthcare providers. Warmed oxygen supplementation is an intervention that needs specialized heating equipment to warm the oxygen and should be delivered by trained personnel.
Question
Which of the following heating interventions for patients with moderate to severe hypothermia must be performed only by appropriately trained and equipped medical personnel?
a. Peritoneal lavage
b. Intravenous fluid therapy with warm fluids
c. Warm oxygen insufflation
d. All of the above interventions
Answer
d. All of the above interventions
Rationale
C. Rationale: Aloe Vera is a proven substance for the relief of minor burn injuries. Otherwise, do not use household items to treat burns.
Question
Which of the following home remedies can be used to treat superficial burns?
a. Egg white
b. Mustard
c. Aloe Vera
d. Lavender oil
Answer
c. Aloe Vera
Rationale
A. Rationale: Giving warm fluids to drink can help increase the patient’s core temperature.
Question
Which of the following interventions is recommended to care for an alert, out-of-hospital hypothermia patient?
a. Give warm beverages.
b. Give alcohol.
c. Cover the patient with a damp, warm blanket.
d. Perform therapeutic peritoneal lavage.
Answer
a. Give warm beverages.
Rationale
C. Rationale: The characteristic neurological findings in heatstroke involve seizures, headaches, confusion, and hallucinations, mainly due to the high temperatures to which the brain is sensitive. Motor skills can also be affected; hence the patient will have difficulty walking. Other symptoms include diarrhea, vomiting, and muscle cramps.
Question
Which of the following is a possible symptom of heatstroke?
a. Cold intolerance
b. Tremors
c. Seizures
d. All of the above symptoms are possible for heatstroke.
Answer
c. Seizures
Rationale
C. Rationale: Sutures are not part of the basic first aid kit. Special training is required to apply stitches to an open wound.
Question
Which of the following supplies is not a requirement for a basic first aid kit?
a. Splint
b. Gauze
c. Sutures
d. Pocket mask
Answer
c. Sutures
Rationale
C. Rationale: A tooth can be preserved in milk for up to 6 hours, giving ample time for an orthodontist to reimplant an intact tooth.
Question
You accidentally elbowed a friend in the face while playing basketball, and his tooth got knocked out. You examine the tooth, and it is still intact. Being a first aid trainee, you decide to bring the tooth to an orthodontist. Which among the following should you use to preserve the tooth?
a. Water
b. Povidone-iodine
c. Milk
d. Alcohol
Answer
c. Milk