First Aid Flashcard 2
Rationale
C. Rationale: Diabetes mellitus is a medical condition that causes higher than normal blood sugar levels. The condition can be due to insulin resistance, where the body’s cells no longer function appropriately in the presence of insulin, or it can be due to an inability of the pancreas to produce significant amounts of insulin.
Question
According to your coworker, he has had elevated blood sugar for more than 10 years. Which one of the following medical conditions involves high blood sugar levels?
a. Myoclonus
b. Strabismus
c. Diabetes mellitus
d. Nystagmus
Answer
c. Diabetes mellitus
Rationale
C. Rationale: The patient is most likely to have heatstroke. Thermoregulation function in older individuals is not efficient. Walking on a summer day can increase body temperature after exercising along with exposure to radiant heat from the sun. The signs and symptoms of heatstroke include weakness, confusion, hallucinations, fainting spells, seizures, fast breathing, and rapid pulse. Their skin is reddish and warm. The most significant clinical finding is a patient presenting with a core body temperature of 104°F or 40°C, which leads to the diagnosis of heatstroke.
Question
An 87-year-old woman is out for a walk one summer afternoon. She suddenly collapses in front of you. Her skin is warm to the touch, and she is not sweating. She follows commands with good motor function. She shows signs of confusion, but her speech is intact. Her temperature is 104°F (40°C). What is the likely diagnosis of the patient?
a. Hyperthyroidism
b. Stroke
c. Heatstroke
d. Shock
Answer
c. Heatstroke
Rationale
A. Rationale: Heroin, hydrocodone, and morphine are all examples of opioids that are commonly used.
Question
An example of an opioid is:
a. Heroin
b. Naloxone
c. Acetaminophen
d. Diphenhydramine
Answer
a. Heroin
Rationale
B. Rationale: According to OSHA regulations, first aid responders must reach patients within 3 to 4 minutes in areas where there is a high risk of accidents.
Question
Emergencies in high-risk areas must be attended to by a trained first aid responder. What is the guideline for the time from the onset of an emergency to the start of treatment by a trained responder?
a. 2 minutes
b. 4 minutes
c. 5 minutes
d. 15 minutes
Answer
b. 4 minutes
Rationale
C. Rationale: For first aid responders and lay rescuers, the application of pressure over the bleeding site is preferred over tourniquets. Tourniquets can cause the following injuries: tissue ischemia, compartment syndrome, reperfusion injuries, and pain from the tourniquet site.
Question
For a traumatic injury in the out-of-hospital setting, what is the best maneuver to stop the bleeding?
a. Cauterize the wound.
b. Perform a surgical tie on the severed artery.
c. Apply pressure to the bleeding site.
d. Apply a tourniquet 2 inches above the bleeding site.
Answer
c. Apply pressure to the bleeding site.
Rationale
D. Rationale: Heroin is part of the opioid toxidrome, along with morphine, methadone, oxycodone, and hydromorphone. Aside from heroin abuse, over-prescription of these medicines has contributed to the opioid epidemic in the U.S.
Question
Heroin abuse has become an epidemic in the United States and is currently being addressed nationally. A heroin overdose causes central nervous system depression and even coma. Patients will present with needle marks, pulmonary edema, and poor reflexes. What kind of toxidrome is heroin?
a. Cholinergic
b. Sedative-hypnotic
c. Hallucinogenic
d. Opioid
Answer
d. Opioid
Rationale
C. Rationale: Ensure that the scene is safe. If it is not safe, the rescuer should attempt to move the patient to a safe place. Responders cannot help a patient if their own safety is at risk.
Question
In an emergency situation, the priority for the rescuer is to:
a. Immediately begin CPR
b. Begin rescue breathing
c. Ensure that the scene is safe
d. Activate the emergency response system
Answer
c. Ensure that the scene is safe
Rationale
A. Rationale: The recommended intervention to warm an affected limb with treatable frostbite is to heat the affected limb for about 20 to 30 minutes in water heated to 104°F or 40°C and no lower than the core body temperature of the patient.
Question
One of the best treatments for frostbite is to soak the affected area in warm water. What is the recommended temperature for soaking frostbitten areas?
a. 104°F or 40°C
b. 113°F or 45°C
c. 122°F or 50°C
d. 131°F or 55°C
Answer
a. 104°F or 40°C
Rationale
C. Rationale: Sudden cardiac arrest is most often caused by coronary artery disease in the United States. Coronary artery disease leads to ischemic events, which damage heart tissue and can lead to fatal arrhythmias.
Question
Sudden cardiac arrest is caused by which of the following medical conditions?
a. Seizure disorder
b. Cardiac arrhythmia
c. Coronary artery disease
d. Congenital heart disease
Answer
c. Coronary artery disease
Rationale
B. Rationale: Naloxone is the medication that should be given for a suspected opioid overdose. It works by blocking the opiate receptors and reversing the effects of opiate overdose.
Question
The medication that should be used for the treatment of an opioid overdose is:
a. Heroin
b. Naloxone
c. Acetaminophen
d. Diphenhydramine
Answer
b. Naloxone