Assessment Flashcard 6
Rationale
B. Rationale: The BLS assessment applies only to a patient suspected of cardiac arrest. The focus of the assessment is early CPR and defibrillation for the patient in cardiac arrest.
Question
For which of the following medical conditions is the BLS assessment used?
a. Patient with induced coma
b. Patient with a possible cardiac arrest
c. Patient with a pulse and breathing
d. Conscious trauma patient
Answer
b. Patient with a possible cardiac arrest
Rationale
D. Rationale: Hypovolemia can be caused by occult internal hemorrhage, severe dehydration, and traumatic blood loss.
Question
Hypovolemia can be caused by:
a. NSAID-induced gastric bleeding
b. Gunshot wound
c. Severe dehydration
d. All of the above
Answer
d. All of the above
Rationale
B. Rationale: If, after 20 minutes of resuscitation, the ETCO2 remains at 10 mm Hg and does not improve, then it may signify the patient has an extremely poor chance of achieving ROSC and survival.
Question
If after 20 minutes of resuscitating a patient in cardiac arrest, the end-tidal carbon dioxide remains at 10 mm Hg. This should be interpreted as:
a. Ventilation of the patient is adequate
b. The patient has a very poor chance of survival
c. There is an airway obstruction
d. None of the above
Answer
b. The patient has a very poor chance of survival
c. There is an airway obstruction
Rationale
A. Rationale: In the adult patient, circulation is assessed by palpating the carotid pulse. You should check the pulse on the side of the neck closest to you, using two fingers of the dominant hand.
Question
In the adult patient, circulation is assessed by checking the _________ pulse for 5 to 10 seconds.
A. Carotid
B. Brachial
C. Femoral
D. Popliteal
Answer
A. Carotid
Rationale
B. Rationale: Inquiring about the patient’s past medical history and allergies is part of the secondary assessment.
Question
Inquiring about a patient’s past medical history and allergies is part of the:
a. Tertiary assessment
b. Secondary assessment
c. Primary assessment
d. BLS assessment
Answer
b. Secondary assessment
Rationale
B. Rationale: Massive pulmonary embolism and saddle embolus will cause acute right heart failure due to blood flow restriction through the main pulmonary arteries.
Question
Massive pulmonary embolism and a saddle embolus will cause:
a. Left-sided heart failure
b. Right-sided heart failure
c. An increase in blood flow through the main pulmonary arteries
d. All of the above
Answer
b. Right-sided heart failure
Rationale
C. Rationale: Categorizing hypothermia leads the provider to the right management. Moderate hypothermia requires external rewarming such as electric blankets and removing wet clothing if applicable. Passive rewarming is inadequate, and thus warmed humidified oxygen and forced-air warming systems are necessary.
Question
Moderate hypothermia ranges from what core temperature?
a. Below 28°C (82.4°F)
b. 28–30°C (82.4–86°F)
c. 30–34°C (86–93.2°F)
d. Above 34°C (93.2°F)
Answer
c. 30–34°C (86–93.2°F)
Rationale
A. Rationale: Neuron-specific enolase and S-100B are biomarkers that have been used to predict neurologic outcomes following cardiac arrest, particularly if measured 48 to 72 hours after cardiac arrest. High values indicate poor outcomes.
Question
Neurologic outcomes can be predicted using blood tests. Which one of the following blood markers can be used to predict the neurologic outcome of comatose patients?
a. S-100B
b. Testosterone
c. PSA
d. Lactic dehydrogenase
Answer
a. S-100B
Rationale
B. Rationale: When an AED arrives, it should be placed at the patient’s side next to the operator who will be using it. This position allows easy access to the AED, the AED pads, and the controls.
Question
Once an AED is available on the scene of a cardiac arrest, it should be placed:
A. At the patient’s head
B. At the patient’s side next to the rescuer who will be operating it
C. At the patient’s feet
D. At the patient’s side next to the operator who will be providing ventilations
Answer
B. At the patient’s side next to the rescuer who will be operating it
Rationale
D. Rationale: The pupillary light reflex tests the patient’s neurologic function. This falls under the disability sequence of the primary assessment.
Question
Performing a clinical examination by assessing the pupillary light reflex of an unresponsive patient with spontaneous breathing and good pulse is which part of the primary assessment sequence?
a. Airway
b. Breathing
c. Circulation
d. Disability
Answer
d. Disability