Airway and Ventilation Flashcard 6

C. Rationale: The jaw-thrust maneuver is performed by gripping the angle of the jaw with both hands and attempting to pull the mandible anteriorly beyond the maxillae to open the airway. When performing this maneuver, there is no need to flex or extend the neck. This protects the cervical vertebrae. (ACLS Case: Respiratory Arrest: Primary Assessment: Airway Management and Rescue Breathing)

B. Rationale: Hypoventilation is insufficient oxygenation and ventilation, necessitating oxygen supplementation and assisted ventilation. Hypocapnia is a condition where a person has low carbon dioxide in the blood. Hypoxia is poor oxygenation of the tissues.

C. Rationale: Maintaining a patent airway is essential when doing CPR. Sometimes, due to the loss of tone of the muscles in the throat, the tongue can fall back and cause an obstruction. The oropharyngeal airway can maintain airway patency by pushing the tongue anteriorly and away from the pharyngeal wall.

C. Rationale: Respiratory distress causes certain signs and symptoms such as abnormal respiratory rate, increased or decreased respiratory effort, abnormal airway sounds (stridor, wheezing, grunting, or crackles), tachycardia, pale and cool skin, altered mental status, and the use of accessory muscles for breathing.

D. Rationale: Advanced airway devices include a laryngeal mask airway, laryngeal tube, and an endotracheal tube.

B. Rationale: Waveform capnography measures the carbon dioxide pressure at the end of exhalation. Performing chest radiographs is not feasible because there will be interruptions in the delivery of chest compressions.

B. Rationale: Cricoid pressure is not recommended for maintaining the airway and preventing aspiration. In fact, cricoid pressure may interfere with ventilations.

D. Rationale: Excessive ventilation must be avoided when providing positive pressure ventilation to patients in respiratory failure or cardiac arrest. It can cause gastric insufflation that may constrict the mediastinal vessels or increase intrathoracic pressure. Air in the stomach can cause regurgitation and risk pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents that could worsen the patient’s condition.

A. Rationale: The jaw-thrust maneuver utilizes the rescuer’s hands to place the patient’s neck in a neutral position, preventing hyperextension while moving the jaw anteriorly to separate the tongue from the posterior hypopharynx to open the airway.

C. Rationale: The jaw-thrust maneuver is performed by gripping the angle of the jaw with both hands and attempting to pull the mandible anteriorly beyond the maxillae to open the airway. There is no need to flex or extend the neck. This protects the cervical vertebrae.