Airway and Ventilation Flashcard 5

D. Rationale: The purpose of cricoid pressure is to protect the airway from aspirated contents from the stomach and prevent air from entering the stomach. But it was determined also to restrict ventilation and interfere with intubation. Cricoid pressure is not a recommended intervention for resuscitation.

A. Rationale: Asynchronous ventilation is provided without any pauses in chest compression at a rate of one breath every 6 seconds.

C. Rationale: When providing positive pressure ventilation using a bag-mask device, rescuers provide 2 breaths every 30 chest compressions.

B. Rationale: A normal respiratory rate should be 12 to 16 breaths/min. Tachypnea is > 20 breaths/min, while bradypnea is < 12 breaths/min. Assessing respiratory rate is important to determine if the patient is in respiratory distress or arrest as it is one of the immediate effects of poor ventilation and oxygenation.

D. Rationale: Patients in respiratory distress have significantly inefficient ventilation and oxygenation in the presence of a pulse. Therefore, no chest compressions are needed. Rescuers must provide one breath every 6 seconds in this situation, and the pulse is rechecked every 2 minutes. (Case: Respiratory Arrest)

C. Rationale: The recommended volume of air to prevent over-ventilation is approximately 600 mL. Positive pressure ventilation is inadequate when giving 500 mL. If the volume exceeds 600 mL, there is a risk of volutrauma that can cause tension pneumothorax or increased intrathoracic pressure, which can compromise systemic venous return. The end result is increased morbidity and mortality in cardiac arrest patients.

A. Rationale: When an advanced airway is in place, there is no need to synchronize compressions and ventilations in the cardiac arrest patient. Give 1 breath every 6 seconds (10 breaths/min) without regard for the timing of cardiac compressions. When there is no advanced airway, 1 breath every 6 seconds is provided to the adult patient in respiratory arrest.

B. Rationale: When delivering breaths from a bag-mask device, ensure that the device is capable of delivering at least 600 mL of tidal volume to the patient.

D. Rationale: When giving oxygen, oxygen saturation must be monitored. 100% oxygen saturation is not always recommended in patients with respiratory arrest. High oxygen concentrations can also lead to morbidity and mortality.

D. Rationale: Oxygen concentration must be titrated to make sure that the patient’s oxygen saturation is above 94%. Oxygen concentration can be lessened if a patient has SpO2 readings of 94% and above.