Anaphylaxis Flashcard

C. Rationale: This patient is likely having a severe anaphylactic reaction, with effects seen in multiple organ systems likely triggered by an allergy-inducing food at the restaurant. The patient is hypotensive and at risk for deterioration. The first treatment should be IM epinephrine—preferably using an autoinjector. IM drug delivery promotes a rapid increase in epinephrine blood levels and is preferred over subcutaneous injection. While the patient has respiratory symptoms, multiorgan system involvement and upper airway signs (stridor) make severe asthma less likely, and thus inhaled beta-2 agonists are not a priority. Corticosteroids may be recommended for this patient to decrease inflammation, but the patient should not receive anything by mouth at this time.

C. Rationale: Patients with anaphylaxis will usually have hypovolemia not hypervolemia. This is due to systemic vasodilation and the loss of intravascular fluid due to capillary leak. Other signs and symptoms include stridor, wheezing, abdominal pain, emesis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, flushing or paleness of skin, and anxiety.

D. Rationale: IV corticosteroids can be used at the beginning of the treatment for anaphylaxis as their onset of action is delayed for as long as 4–6 hours after administration.