Anaphylaxis Flashcard 2
Rationale
A. Rationale: The head and neck region is the most common area for dog bites to occur.
Question
In what part of the human body do dogs commonly bite?
a. Head and neck
b. Arms
c. Legs
d. Torso
Answer
a. Head and neck
Rationale
C. Rationale: Ticks are the vectors for B. burgdorferi, which is endemic in the northeastern, upper Midwest, and northern Pacific areas of the United States.
Question
Lyme disease is caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi. Which of the the following insects harbor this bacteria and can transmit the infection to humans?
a. Bedbugs
b. Bees
c. Ticks
d. Mosquitoes
Answer
c. Ticks
Rationale
A. Rationale: One of the more common signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction includes swelling of the conjunctivae, tongue, and lips, lightheadedness, fast heartbeat, hives, itchiness, flushing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.
Question
The mother of a 4-year-old boy who accidentally ate strawberries, which he previously had a severe reaction to, calls your attention to help her monitor for any severe allergic symptoms. Which of the following is one of the clinical manifestations of an anaphylactic reaction?
a. Swelling of tongue and lips
b. Fever
c. Tinnitus
d. Blurring of vision
Answer
a. Swelling of tongue and lips
Rationale
False. Rationale: Do not manipulate snake bites, such as sucking out the venom, as it tends to worsen the effects.
Question
Wound manipulation effectively helps lessen the effects of venomous snake bites.
a. True
b. False
Answer
b. False
Rationale
C. Rationale: The EpiPen can be prescribed to anyone who has had a prior severe allergic or anaphylactic reaction. It is a handheld device meant to be used only once. It can be brought anywhere with the patient and injected intramuscularly for immediate treatment of the severe allergic reaction.
Question
Which of the following is a branded proprietary handheld epinephrine auto-injector designed for the treatment of anaphylaxis that can be used anytime and anywhere?
a. Verorab
b. Levemir
c. EpiPen
d. All of the above choices are brand names of epinephrine auto-injectors.
Answer
c. EpiPen
Rationale
C. Rationale: Immobilizing the affected extremity helps slow the spread of the venom to prevent excessive tissue damage, a common effect of snake venom. After immobilizing the affected limb, it should be placed at the level of the heart to prevent swelling as well as delay systemic toxin absorption.
Question
Which of the following is part of the first aid management of snakebite patients?
a. Making the wound bleed to release the poison
b. Sucking out the poison
c. Splinting to immobilize the affected limb
d. Applying antibiotic ointment
Answer
c. Splinting to immobilize the affected limb
Rationale
B. Rationale: Signs and symptoms of an anaphylactic reaction include swelling of the conjunctiva, stridor, hoarseness, vomiting, diarrhea, hives, itching, rash, and low blood pressure.
Question
Which of the following is seen with an anaphylactic reaction?
a. Swelling of the fingers
b. Low blood pressure
c. Jaundice
d. Elevated blood pressure
Answer
b. Low blood pressure
Rationale
B. Rationale: The typical components of insect saliva that causes local reactions include anticoagulants, enzymes, agglutinins, and mucopolysaccharides.
Question
Which of the following represent components of insect saliva responsible for patient reactions to insect stings?
a. Hyaluronic acid
b. Agglutinins
c. Water
d. All of the above
Answer
b. Agglutinins
Rationale
C. Rationale: An EpiPen is an emergency device that can deliver epinephrine intramuscularly. It is prescribed for patients with severe allergic reactions and can be administered by a layperson.
Question
Which one of the following is an emergency device utilized for patients with a severe anaphylactic reaction?
a. Defibrillator
b. Crash cart
c. EpiPen
d. Benadryl
Answer
c. EpiPen
Rationale
B. Rationale: The patient is in cardiac arrest; thus, the next most crucial action is to call 9-1-1 and immediately perform CPR.
Question
You are at the rescue of a 7-year-old boy who sustained multiple bee stings while playing at the park. While waiting for EMS to arrive, the patient suddenly becomes cyanotic and unresponsive. You do not feel a pulse or observe spontaneous breathing. What is the most critical intervention you should perform next?
a. Give an oral antihistamine
b. Perform high-quality CPR
c. Give epinephrine
d. Obtain an IV line and start fluid therapy
Answer
b. Perform high-quality CPR