Axis Deviation
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Normal limits for the cardiac axis are between -30 and +100 degrees(a.).
A heart with an electrical axis outside of normal is said to have an axis deviation.
A left axis deviation is between -30 and -90 degrees.
A right axis deviation is between +100 and +180 degrees.
Axis deviation indicates a depolarization problem, which can be caused by: bundle branch blocks, enlargement of the ventricle and dead cardiac tissue.