Airway and Ventilation Flashcard 2
Rationale
A. Rationale: Passive ventilation allows the inspiration of supplemented oxygen through oxygen insufflation, relying entirely on chest recoil to create enough negative intrathoracic pressure to bring oxygen into the lungs. It requires an oropharyngeal airway to keep the airway open and a nonrebreather mask attached to an oxygen tank. Oxygen is supplied at the highest rate setting (usually 10 L/min).
Question
Which one of the following interventions is a passive ventilation technique?
a. Oxygen insufflation
b. Mechanical ventilation
c. Bag-mask ventilation
d. Mouth-to-mouth ventilation
Answer
a. Oxygen insufflation
Rationale
D. Rationale: In this out-of-hospital setting, after activating EMS by calling 911, you must give rescue breaths at a total of 20–30 breaths per minute or one breath every 2–3 seconds.
Question
You are to provide rescue breaths in a pediatric patient after he was found drowning in a public pool. The patient has a pulse but is not breathing. How should rescue breaths be given in this case?
a. No need to perform rescue breaths but initiate chest compressions to express water from the lungs
b. Intubate the patient and suction the water from the lungs
c. Use a bag-mask device and give one breath every 10 seconds
d. Give rescue breaths at a rate of 20–30 breaths per minute
Answer
d. Give rescue breaths at a rate of 20–30 breaths per minute
Rationale
B. Rationale: Use the jaw-thrust maneuver to open the airway of a nonresponsive patient that might have a cervical spinal injury. The head tilt-chin lift maneuver extends the neck and increases the risk of damage to the cervical spine.
Question
You need to open the airway of a 35-year-old patient in cardiac arrest secondary to trauma from a significant vehicular crash. You suspect spinal injuries. To open the patient’s airway, you perform:
a. Endotracheal intubation
b. The jaw-thrust maneuver
c. An emergency tracheostomy
d. The head tilt-chin lift maneuver
Answer
b. The jaw-thrust maneuver
Rationale
D. Rationale: Following the American Heart Association BLS guidelines, if a patient has no normal breathing but has a pulse, start rescue breathing by providing one breath every 6 seconds or about 10 breaths per minute. Perform pulse checks every 2 minutes. The moment that the patient has no pulse, immediately begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Question
You witness a 25-year-old woman with anaphylaxis collapse and turn blue around the lip area. You feel a pulse, but her breathing is absent. The paramedics are on their way. What is your next course of action?
a. Stay with the patient and monitor her until paramedics arrive.
b. Perform compression-only CPR.
c. Immediately perform conventional high-quality CPR with a compression to ventilation ratio of 30:2.
d. Give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation with one breath every 6 seconds and monitor the patient every 2 minutes until paramedics arrive.
Answer
d. Give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation with one breath every 6 seconds and monitor the patient every 2 minutes until paramedics arrive.